By The fastest fix for film reciprocity failure is compensation: when shooting long exposures beyond one second, add extra time to your shutter speed according to your film stock’s reciprocity curve. Most modern black-and-white films need roughly 25-50% more exposure at 10 seconds, while some color films fail dramatically after just two seconds.
Before you blame your developing process or assume your camera is broken, run this quick diagnostic. Pull out a shot you took with a shutter speed longer than one second. If it’s underexposed despite correct metering, and especially if the colors look shifted or muted in the case of…
